"Even copying typos" online plagiarism is becoming more and more rampant. How to fight the battle against plagiarism

Piracy and plagiarism are two stubborn diseases perplexing the development of network literature. Comparatively speaking, the governance of plagiarism is more difficult. In the network literary world, which is lack of creative standards, great creative pressure and increasingly optimistic business prospects, the frequent occurrence of plagiarism events has attracted more and more attention.

original title: how to fight a people's War against plagiarism Piracy and plagiarism are two stubborn diseases perplexing the development of network literature. Comparatively speaking, the governance of plagiarism is more difficult. In the network literary world, which is lack of creative standards, great creative pressure and increasingly optimistic business prospects, the frequent occurrence of plagiarism events has attracted more and more attention.

strong > / strong >

/ strong > after years of toleration of plagiarists, well-known online writers, I think, are finally fed up with it recently. since the beginning of August, she has been speaking on Weibo, pointing out that another online writer's Biography of Zhen Huan and Ruyi's Royal Love in the Palace are suspected of plagiarizing her own works such as Cold Moon like Frost. The bandit said that the latter not only copied the outline of the story, but also copied the wrong words in his own book. At that time, she quoted an ancient poem, but she got it wrong, and the same mistake appeared in her book. The bandit I want to save published a long article saying that his demand is not "money", but "two things, one is that the plagiarist publicly apologizes, and the other is to delete the plagiarized content."

the event quickly became a hot spot on the Internet, with more than 300000 netizens participating in retweeting, commenting and giving likes.

in recent years, online novels have become the "hardest hit area" of plagiarism. Original works adapted into popular TV dramas such as "A Thousand bones of Flowers", "Jinxiu Weiyang" and "three generations of Peach Blossom" have all been suspected of plagiarism. However, most of the victims chose to be silent, and it is rare for online writers like the bandit I Sicun to publicly point out the plagiarist's name and publish the evidence.

in this regard, bandit Sixian said in an interview: "plagiarism is generally tolerated silently after it is discovered, because the current state is that the cost of safeguarding rights is very high, and the price paid by infringers is very small." Public opinion is also disadvantageous to the victims, but they have to face the pressure of public opinion to stand up for their rights. There are several incentives to expose the matter on Weibo this time. It's mainly because I can't stand it. "

the Legend of Zhen Huan was first found suspected of plagiarism when it was serialized in Jinjiang Literature City. According to the announcement issued by Jinjiang Network in October 2006, the Legend of Zhen Huan has more than 30 plots and sentences, large and small, and "Mrs. Dendrobium", "the empty and lonely spring scenery in the courtyard is about to die" and "cold moon like frost" outside Fei Fan is the same or similar. Huang Yanming, president of Jinjiang net, said in a recent interview, "We decided at that time that the author of the Legend of Zhen Huan directly used other people's good words and sentences, but it was not enough to affect the story structure of the whole work, which was regarded as slight plagiarism." In the end, Jinjiang management made the decision to let the author "correct the similarities and apologize to the plagiarized".

Huang Yanming recalled that at that time the author thought he was wronged and aggrieved. "she said that you only found 2000 words out of my 400000-word work, and then you said I was plagiarizing. I'm not convinced. I don't admit it's plagiarism. I just borrowed some words from others. " After refusing to accept the amendment and apologize, the author left Jinjiang Literature Network and finished the Biography of Zhen Huan on his blog.

strong > from "excerpt good words and good sentences" to "washing manuscripts" and "financing" / strong >

Jinjiang is recognized as the website with the toughest fight against plagiarism in the industry. Huang Yanming said that in the past 10 years, Jinjiang has found about 1000 works suspected of plagiarism, of which 400 are serious plagiarism. "if the plot is minor, we will ask the author to delete it; if the plot is serious, we can only kill ID." The so-called "kill ID" is to block the net name of the author. For some well-known online writers, the killing of ID means not only discredit, but also economic loss.

when dealing with plagiarists over the years, Huang Yanming found that many people feel very wronged. "they say that since childhood, the teacher has asked us to prepare a notebook and copy down good words and sentences and use them when writing compositions in the future. Why is it plagiarism when I use a few good words from others now? The authors who have this idea are not one or two, but many people. " Huang Yanming believes that the lack of standardized writing education is an important reason for the frequent occurrence of plagiarism.

borrowing good words and sentences is easy to judge, while plagiarizing other people's plot context is difficult to judge whether it belongs to plagiarism. For this practice, there is a special term in the online literature world, which is called "washing draft" or "financial stem".

the bandit, I think, said that when I first started out more than a decade ago, I found that my work had been plagiarized, but to a different extent, sometimes just one or two sentences were plagiarized, and sometimes they were copied more severely. "the problem has become more serious in recent years. Some websites have openly called on new authors to copy the rhythm and outline of our old works, that is, to copy bones, change the background and details of the novel and re-add meat."

the so-called "financial stem" refers to plagiarizing other people's story segments and plot patterns. More clever authors will use "stem" in their own works. This brings a challenge to the identification of plagiarism.

Huang Yanming believes that a single stem or segment is not plagiarism. She said: "some stalks are not monopolized by anyone who writes them, such as' jumping off a cliff to meet a high man 'and' a woman with a deep hatred of blood falls in love with her enemy'. Such a stalk cannot be said to have been written, and others can no longer write it. Once written, this plot pattern will enter the common wealth of world civilization, and others can also use it." Huang Yanming said.

"however, the plagiarism of the whole plot is different from the similarity of a single stem." Huang Yanming stressed, "if your whole plot uses someone else's plot, we think it's plagiarism." If you just use someone else's story, but the plot is your own original, we generally don't think it's plagiarism. "

Huang Yanming thinks that the popular "color palette" for content comparison on the Internet is not reliable. "you can't be sure of plagiarism by using the palette alone," she said. "most online novels are modeled, and many plot patterns are universal. If such a stem as "jumping off a cliff and meeting a high person" is also considered to be plagiarism, the attack area will be too big. We oppose plagiarism and the expansion of anti-plagiarism. "

Ouyang Youquan, chief professor of the Institute of Network Literature, School of Arts, Central South University, pointed out that high-yield writing, technological replication and the lack of a strict free release system make it easier to plagiarize compared with traditional literary creation.

strong > / strong >

/ strong >

writing artifact

writing artifact / p With the development of artificial intelligence, some authors have used writing software to generate novels automatically with the help of science and technology. And the resulting problems can no longer be covered by plagiarism.

A few months ago, Jinjiang Literature Network received a report from netizens that a well-known online novel writer who signed with Jinjiang Literature Network was suspected of plagiarism. Through the investigation of Jinjiang net, it is concluded that the author has made extensive use of writing software materials, many of which come from fragments of the works of well-known writers. This is the first time that Jinjiang Network has found that the contractor uses writing software. Huang Yanming said: "We have always appreciated this author very much, and this incident surprised us and hit us very much. He copied so much that he had reached the standard of killing ID and could only seal off his ID. "

in fact, the use of automatic writing software is an open secret in the Internet world. As early as 2015, some readers revealed that the online novel the rise of the Poor Family was cobbled together by using novel writing software, and those suspected of plagiarism were mainly background knowledge, appearance description, environment description, scene description, and so on. Among them, the snow scene description is suspected of copying Lu Xun's "hometown" and the weak "reborn little landlord".

when the TV series "Jinxiu Weiyang" was a hit in 2016, some netizens found that its original novel was suspected of plagiarism. According to data compiled by the plagiarism report Office of Sina Weibo, the number of books suspected of plagiarism reached 219, making people suspect that the author used writing software.

at present, hundreds of "writing artifacts" and "automatic writing software" can be found on Taobao. According to sellers, these software can automatically generate articles according to their needs. Some "automatic writing software" claim to be able to write 8000 to 10000 words a day. According to people in the software industry, most writing software consists of a material library and an automatic writing system, in which the material library is basically a description of all kinds of online novels and traditional writers' works. the automatic writing system can automatically generate creative materials such as people's names, place names, moves, martial arts, clothing, hobbies, specialties, misunderstandings, coincidences and even plot structure, complete outline and so on. Some advanced writing software combines descriptions from multiple sources. The author only needs to write the general context of the plot, and the rest of the specific description can be automatically completed by the software. Due to the diversity of sources, if the author uses the material, it is likely to cause plagiarism without knowing it.

"I think writing software has a greater impact on online literature than plagiarism in the traditional sense." Huang Yanming said, "if everyone thinks that writing with software is nothing, then the future situation will be very ugly. What we compare is no longer the creative ability, but the intelligence of the software. In the future, artificial intelligence will become more and more powerful, and the software will automatically write what kind of article the reader needs, which will bring a lot of questions, such as whether the works written by the writing software are copyrighted. How to define plagiarism? "

this worry is not unfounded. Not long ago, the famous writer Han Shaogong gave two poems to more than 30 literature graduate students, one of which was written by the Song Dynasty poet Qin Guan, and the other was created by a robot imitating Qin Guan, which no one could recognize.

Ouyang Youquan believes that automatic writing software is still in its infancy, and its ultimate effect on literary creation is still unclear. "in my opinion, automatic writing software has a bright future in the fields of storytelling (such as novels, plays), classical poetry, and obscure poetry. Generally speaking, although literary creation is not the prerogative of writers, writers still occupy the absolute advantage of literary creation, and writing software can not replace the human brain of literature for the time being."

strong > fight against plagiarism in the "people's War" / strong >

according to the statistics of the State Administration of Press, publication, Radio, Film and Television, by the end of 2016, there were 14.548 million works in 40 major online literature websites in China, and 1.75 million new works were added that year. To find plagiarism in so many works is like looking for a needle in a haystack. In fact, the plagiarism clues found so far mainly come from readers. Readers are the most powerful force to supervise the plagiarism of online literature.

Ouyang Youquan said that there are many readers on the Internet, and the "golden eyes" of hundreds of millions of readers will make plagiarism works have nowhere to hide. The interactivity of the network is also easy to expose plagiarism plots, details, story frames, and even language expressions to the "sunshine".

now some enthusiastic netizens are organized through the Internet to spontaneously compare similar online articles and expose plagiarism. "Anti-plagiarism bar", "romantic novel plagiarism reporting office", "original plagiarism infringement report", "online plagiarism ranking", "have you plagiarized today" and so on have attracted a large number of readers. The supervision of readers, public opinion and the intervention of commercial forces have all caused great pressure on plagiarists.

Literary websites have also strengthened their efforts against plagiarism. At present, manual review and machine weight check are generally done before the work is put online. But as Ouyang Youquan pointed out, the root cause of online plagiarism lies in people, creators, incompetence and utilitarian mentality. He said: "the profit-seeking nature of cultural capital, the allure of commercial power and the fierce competition in the reader market are all the direct drivers of plagiarism, but it is human values that play a dominant role behind them. If an online writer can be strict in self-discipline, withstand temptation, be less eager for quick success, more social responsibility, less commercial mentality, and more artistic pursuit, it is very difficult for any business environment and technical context to make himself into the trap of plagiarism. "

Edit: mary