Policy interpretation: the United States, France, Japan and South Korea become the pillar behind the "animation power"

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In order to promote the development of the animation industry, the French government has formulated a series of funding policies, which not only require the government to spend a lot of subsidies, but also stipulate that the French media need to use part of their budget to subsidize animation creation. in order to ensure the smooth progress of animation creation, government leadership has become a unique mode of promotion of the French animation industry, and it is also the biggest driving force for the development of the French animation industry. Today, Japan is the world's largest animation producer and exporter, the current global animation.

this paper collates the general situation of the industrial policies of the United States, France, Japan and South Korea, which started early and relatively developed in the animation industry, introduces the development models and characteristics of various countries, and obtains some enlightenment from them.

original title: policy Secrets of Animation Power

since 2005, China's animation industry has developed rapidly, with the emergence of animation companies, bases and cinemas represented by Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Changsha and Beijing, with animation production ranking among the highest in the world.

but it is undeniable that there is still an obvious gap between domestic animation and other animation powers such as the United States and Japan. The stones of other mountains can be used to attack jade. This paper collates the general situation of the industrial policies of the United States, France, Japan and South Korea, which started early and relatively developed in the animation industry, introduces the development models and characteristics of various countries, and obtains some enlightenment from them.

US: sound laws protect the animation industry and market

American" Happy Voice "

most of the policies of the US government are not directly aimed at the animation industry, but the animation industry is also its direct or indirect beneficiaries. For example, the Anti-unfair Competition Law and Anti-monopoly Law of the United States play a role in standardizing the competition order, ensuring the vitality and creativity of small and medium-sized animation enterprises, and ensuring the stable and healthy development of the market. The intellectual property protection of animation content and image also depends on the law. The United States issued a series of laws and regulations a long time ago: the Cultural and Entertainment copyright Act is used to protect the copyright of cultural products, including animation; the contract Law and Labor Law regulate the commercial order; and the National Arts and Humanities Fund Act regulates the proportion of funds invested in culture and arts every year. At the same time, the regulation and legal protection of the financial market in the United States has also ensured sufficient funds for the development of the animation industry, and indirectly contributed to the development of the animation industry. American capital market plays an important role in the revitalization and development of animation.

in order to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, the United States first put forward the concept of "copyright industry" and issued a series of laws and regulations in the process of international trade negotiations to protect the rights and interests of film and television works, including American animation products, by means of bilateral agreements. The "audiovisual service trade" promoted by the United States is one of the contents of the 2000 Trade Services Agreement (GATS) negotiations. The United States uses its political and economic influence to force countries to open their cultural markets and accept the copyright rules of American audiovisual products. In this way, the United States has strongly expanded the market of American cultural products through diplomatic means, providing the possibility for the export of cultural products, including animation products.

the facts show that the American industrial policy system based on legal means is suitable for the situation of American animation industry, protects the development of American animation industry, and always maintains the leading position in the world.

France: from government-led to market-oriented

France" the Great Felicia "

in order to promote the development of the animation industry, the French government has formulated a series of subsidy policies, which not only require the government to spend a lot of subsidies, but also require the French media to subsidize animation creation part of their budget, so as to ensure the smooth progress of animation creation. Therefore, government leadership has become a unique mode of promotion of the French animation industry, and it is also the biggest driving force for the development of the French animation industry.

in this unique model, due to the main contributions of the government and the media, other funding, such as private equity funds, industry organizations, and so on, only account for a small proportion and play some auxiliary roles. For French animation artists, in the case of sufficient funds, they can focus on creation, thus forming a unique French animation art. At the same time, a two-way interactive educational mechanism has been formed between educational institutions and enterprises. when the talents trained by the college can no longer meet the needs of the enterprise, the enterprise will take the initiative to seek change, run a school independently or train new people. in order to ensure the continuous output of animation talents. In the link of market development, the media and some large multinational media groups will complete the release and broadcast, as for the development of follow-up derivative products, it depends on whether the enterprise has a deeper understanding of the market and the ability to develop its own business consciousness.

the development model of the French animation industry characterized by government leadership has achieved great success. All kinds of subsidies from the French government can add up to 50% of the production cost, attracting animation companies from all over the world to cooperate with France to produce animation. On the other hand, excessive government subsidies also make the French animation industry too dependent and lack more private investment. Now, people in the French industry have realized that government funding is not a long-term solution, and the crux of the problem is to expand the market. With the increasing financial difficulties in Europe and the reduction of French government subsidies, the French animation industry has gradually moved away from state relief and embarked on the road of self-sufficiency. Now, in addition to the funding provided by the state, 65% of the funds need to be raised from the outside. Global cooperation has become the development trend of the animation industry, the French animation industry has really entered the free market development stage, the government-led promotion model may become history.

Japan: promote animation output by killing two birds with one stone

Japan

in addition, the Japanese government also attaches importance to the support for animation enterprises. Every year, the Japanese government allocates a considerable amount of budget to support various animation industry development projects. For example, the Ministry of Culture of Japan supports animated films in the form of financial compensation, and the funds for animated films can be compensated by the state.

Japan has a special financial institution "Cultural Industry Credit portfolio" to provide credit funds for animation enterprises and other cultural enterprises. The Japanese government also encourages the establishment of cultural industry investment funds, promotes private financial enterprises to lend and invest to cultural enterprises, and strives to solve the financing difficulties encountered by cultural enterprises such as animation. Animation enterprises can use the securities of intangible assets to carry out social financing activities. The Japanese government advocates the establishment of overseas market development funds (government and civilian funds), ensuring overseas circulation routes, promoting international co-production, improving the awareness of content products, removing obstacles to business development, and implementing countermeasures for copyright infringement.

Korea: set up specialized agencies to support the animation industry

Korea

in addition, the South Korean government has implemented preferential tax and subsidy policies for the animation industry, establishing the animation industry as a "strategic export industry", dividing it from the "service industry" to the "manufacturing" category, and reducing its enterprises' taxes by 20%. At the same time, we will expand the budget of the cartoon industry, set up animation development reserve funds and cultural industry development funds, and support universities and related enterprises to engage in animation creation.

Edit: mary